LOD Explained: How to Choose the Right Level of Detail for Your Project

In the world of Building Information Modeling (BIM), LOD is one of the most frequently used — and often misunderstood — terms. But choosing the right Level of Detail (or Level of Development) is crucial for the success of any BIM-driven project.
Let’s break it down.

What is LOD?

LOD defines how much information — both graphical and non-graphical — a BIM model element contains at various stages of the project. It helps all project stakeholders understand what level of accuracy and detail they can expect at any point.

The Common LOD Levels (LOD 100 to LOD 500)

LOD 100 (Conceptual):
Basic massing models with approximate size, shape, and orientation. Used for early design and feasibility studies.
LOD 200 (Schematic Design):
Generalized model with approximate systems, quantities, and location. Useful for initial coordination and design intent.
LOD 300 (Detailed Design):
Accurate geometry, dimensions, and placement. Coordination across disciplines begins to take shape.
LOD 400 (Fabrication & Construction):
The model includes fabrication details, assembly information, and installation data. Used for shop drawings and prefabrication.
LOD 500 (As-Built):
Fully verified, field-accurate model reflecting final construction for operation and facility management.

Why Choosing the Right LOD Matters?

Cost Control:
Over-modeling wastes time and budget. Under-modeling causes errors later.
Better Coordination:
Right LOD ensures that all the stakeholders are working with the same expectations.
Clear Scope Definition:
Everyone knows what is included at each stage — reducing disputes.
Efficient Project Delivery:
The correct level of detail supports smarter decisions at the right time.

A Simple Rule of Thumb

Model what you need — no more, no less.

Every project is different. Defining the LOD expectations at the start, often through a BIM Execution Plan (BEP), helps keep things efficient, clear, and aligned with project goals.

The Bottom Line:

LOD is not just a technical term — it is a powerful tool for collaboration, cost control, and delivering better projects. As BIM continues to evolve, so does the need for decisions about how much detail is required.